Biological Sciences

Cicadas to Swarm Again in 2013

An adult periodical cicada perched on a blade of grass. Source: Wikimedia

Animals have developed a wide variety of defensive strategies to avoid being eaten by predators. Some of these techniques, such as camouflage, decrease the organism’s chance of being spotted by a predator. Others, such as aggregation, deter predators from attacking. The most dramatic of defenses is predator satiation, in which...

 
 

The Influence of Free Behavior and Natural Scenes on Visual Physiology

The primary visual cortex, or V1 (shown in teal), is the subject of modeling in the proposed study.  The V1 region resides in the occipital lobe and produces the flows of information shown dorsally and ventrally.
Source: Wikipedia

On April 17th, J. Michael Hasse, a PEMM Graduate Student in the Department of Physiology and Neurobiology at the Geisel School of Medicine, gave a presentation at DHMC on his current research project. His research group in Dr. Farran Briggs lab collaborates with Thayer Professor Solomon Diamond and several undergraduates....

 
 

Pathways from Pathology to Peace: The Neuroscience of Self-Regulation

A number of activities are associated with improved outcomes in medicine such as yoga, tai chi, and qigong.

Dr. Mardi Crane-Godrea, as assistant professor in the department ofMicrobiology and Immunology at Dartmouth College and Peter Payne, a Qigong teacher, spoke at DHMC on April 26th.  Both have personal interests in the concept of conscious self-regulation and the positive health effects it has. A number of activities are associated...

 
 

The Role of Divergent Sexual Selection in Speciation

Safran's work involve swallows, as pictured above. Her experiments often manipulate the streamers, or tail, and ventral feathers of these birds. Source: Wikipedia

On April 19, Rebecca Safran, a professor and researcher at University of Colorado at Boulder, presented in the Life Sciences Center at Dartmouth College on her research involving sexual selection and speciation. As a behavioral and evolutionary ecologist, Safran works to better understand how individual behavior and population patterns might...

 
 

Watanabe: Roles of Reward in Perceptual Learning and Plasticity

Dr. Takeo Watanabe gave a talk on Friday titled "Roles of Reward in Perceptual Learning and Plasticity." Source: Google

Takeo Watanabe Ph.D, a renowned professor from Brown University, gave a talk on Friday entitled “Roles of Reward in Perceptual Learning and Plasticity”. He shared his work over the years on unlocking the secrets of our brain and its incredible ability to constantly change and adapt. Throughout our lives, our...

 
 

E. coli are Taking Over the Gas Pump

A gas pump in Sao Paolo, Brazil featuring both regular gas and ethanol. Source: Wikipedia

The United States has developed infrastructure that supports the use of hydrocarbon fuels. Billions of dollars have been spent creating pipelines, storage, and end products that function specifically with these fuels. With the green movement, there has been a push to create more ‘environmentally friendly’ biofuels. Scientists have successfully designed...

 
 

The Regulation of Mitosis by Histone Modification

The nucleosome consists of 147 base pairs of DNA wrapped around a core of histone proteins. Nucleosomes are organized into higher order structures; the level of packaging can have profound consequences on all DNA-mediated processes.

On April 1, Johnathan Higgins, a Professor of Medicine at Harvard, gave a presentation at the Geisel School of Medicine on his work investigating regulation of mitosis by histone modification. In cellular replication, DNA condenses into chromosomes so that genetic information can more easily segregate. The goal in mitosis is...

 
 

XNA: A New Genetic Language

Genetics researchers have successfully synthesized XNA, a nucleic acid not naturally found in nature.
Source: Wikipedia

RNA and DNA have long been established as the storage containers of genetic information in biology. However, researchers are now wondering whether RNA and DNA are inherently superior molecules for genetic storage and whether we can synthesize a new molecule to do the same job. Both questions are being answered...

 
 

High-Quality Archaic Human Genome Sequencing

High-Quality Archaic Human Genome Sequencing

Recent advances in DNA preparation and sequencing have enabled high-quality analysis of archaic human genomes. Previously sequenced genomes of archaic humans, including the Neanderthal genome in 2010, were relatively low in quality due to the degraded state of the DNA samples. Information that could be inferred from these low-quality genomes...

 
 

Can HIV Be Cured?

Can HIV Be Cured?

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and its more advanced counterpart, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), affect approximately 34 million people worldwide, with the number of infected patients growing by over two million every year (1). Since first being detected in 1981, AIDS has claimed the lives of almost 30 million...

 
 
 
 
 

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